Fabric Structures

The first consideration will be the goals of the structure, mainly the preferred appearance, required performance under typical building (wind, snow) loads, and life-cycle costs.  If fabric offers the best functionality, long term cost or aesthetic preference for the project, the type of support structure and fabric are the next decision points.  There are three main types of fabric support alternatives.  These include frame supported, tension supported, and air supported fabrics.  Any alternative must be able to accommodate loads applied to the structure.  In frame supported fabric structures, loads are transferred by the fabric through connections to a rigid frame with compression and tension members, much like typical sheathing materials would do in a traditional structure.  Tension supported fabrics carry these loads through the strength of the fabric material, which is typically aided with posts and cables but not rigid support frames.  Air supported fabrics rely on positive air pressure within a fabric envelope to provide load carrying ability, and are popular when large open areas are required for sports venues and industrial applications.  Air supported structures require pre-packaged mechanical equipment to pressurize the fabric.  The number and location of desired fabric support points within the building footprint (for example, the tops of walls and posts), or lack thereof, will initially refine the best approach of these.  Many versions of each type of fabric structure offer portability, complete utility services, and seasonal installation.

Selection of a fabric material and coating treatment are important and required to complement the planned structural alternative.  Fabric qualities and coating considerations include costs, thickness, weight, cleaning and maintenance, light and sound transmission, fabric strength in tension to support loads, color, durability and fire rating (crucial if a completely enclosed fabric structure is being built).   Certain fabrics and treatments meet specific requirements better than others.  For example, Teflon coated fiberglass offers good strength and fire resistance.  Vinyl coated polyesters are often used for air supported structures.  There are many different fabric examples and applications suited for particular project needs.  Pattern design, cutting and seaming is a crucial aspect of fabric preparation for any project.  Computer programs are often used to simulate final structure appearance as well as aid in fabric material layout and cost planning.