Transplantation is the uprooting of established trees, shrubs, plants, or flowers and re-planting them at a new location.  This is often done in order to avoid damaging expensive plantings at a project site, or to facilitate new construction work, thereby reducing total project costs.  Transplantation can also include the relocation of plantings from one project site to another, sometimes transporting them over significant distances.  Uprooting and transplanting foliage can be very traumatic to the plant and can cause it to perish if done improperly.  Various practical transplantation guidelines and precautions have been established by nursery, plant and tree professionals, based on their training and experience.